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Java Source | 2000-05-25 | 3.6 KB | 95 lines |
- //: FinalData.java
- //////////////////////////////////////////////////
- // Copyright (c) Bruce Eckel, 1998
- // Source code file from the book "Thinking in Java"
- // All rights reserved EXCEPT as allowed by the
- // following statements: You can freely use this file
- // for your own work (personal or commercial),
- // including modifications and distribution in
- // executable form only. Permission is granted to use
- // this file in classroom situations, including its
- // use in presentation materials, as long as the book
- // "Thinking in Java" is cited as the source.
- // Except in classroom situations, you cannot copy
- // and distribute this code; instead, the sole
- // distribution point is http://www.BruceEckel.com
- // (and official mirror sites) where it is
- // freely available. You cannot remove this
- // copyright and notice. You cannot distribute
- // modified versions of the source code in this
- // package. You cannot use this file in printed
- // media without the express permission of the
- // author. Bruce Eckel makes no representation about
- // the suitability of this software for any purpose.
- // It is provided "as is" without express or implied
- // warranty of any kind, including any implied
- // warranty of merchantability, fitness for a
- // particular purpose or non-infringement. The entire
- // risk as to the quality and performance of the
- // software is with you. Bruce Eckel and the
- // publisher shall not be liable for any damages
- // suffered by you or any third party as a result of
- // using or distributing software. In no event will
- // Bruce Eckel or the publisher be liable for any
- // lost revenue, profit, or data, or for direct,
- // indirect, special, consequential, incidental, or
- // punitive damages, however caused and regardless of
- // the theory of liability, arising out of the use of
- // or inability to use software, even if Bruce Eckel
- // and the publisher have been advised of the
- // possibility of such damages. Should the software
- // prove defective, you assume the cost of all
- // necessary servicing, repair, or correction. If you
- // think you've found an error, please email all
- // modified files with clearly commented changes to:
- // Bruce@EckelObjects.com. (Please use the same
- // address for non-code errors found in the book.)
- /////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
- // The effect of final on fields
-
- class Value {
- int i = 1;
- }
-
- public class FinalData {
- // Can be compile-time constants
- final int i1 = 9;
- static final int I2 = 99;
- // Typical public constant:
- public static final int I3 = 39;
- // Cannot be compile-time constants:
- final int i4 = (int)(Math.random()*20);
- static final int i5 = (int)(Math.random()*20);
-
- Value v1 = new Value();
- final Value v2 = new Value();
- static final Value v3 = new Value();
- //! final Value v4; // Pre-Java 1.1 Error:
- // no initializer
- // Arrays:
- final int[] a = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 };
-
- public void print(String id) {
- System.out.println(
- id + ": " + "i4 = " + i4 +
- ", i5 = " + i5);
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- FinalData fd1 = new FinalData();
- //! fd1.i1++; // Error: can't change value
- fd1.v2.i++; // Object isn't constant!
- fd1.v1 = new Value(); // OK -- not final
- for(int i = 0; i < fd1.a.length; i++)
- fd1.a[i]++; // Object isn't constant!
- //! fd1.v2 = new Value(); // Error: Can't
- //! fd1.v3 = new Value(); // change handle
- //! fd1.a = new int[3];
-
- fd1.print("fd1");
- System.out.println("Creating new FinalData");
- FinalData fd2 = new FinalData();
- fd1.print("fd1");
- fd2.print("fd2");
- }
- } ///:~